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''Hapalopilus nidulans'' (also known as ''Hapalopilus rutilans'') is a species of polypore fungus in the family Polyporaceae. Officially described in 1821, it was transferred to its current genus ''Hapalopilus'' six decades later. It is commonly known as the tender nesting polypore, purple dye polypore, or the cinnamon bracket. This widely distributed species is found on five continents. It grows on the fallen or standing dead wood of deciduous trees, in which it fruits singly, in groups, fused, or in overlapping clusters. Fruit bodies are in the form of kidney-shaped to semicircular, cinnamon-orange-brown brackets. The underside of the fruit body features a yellowish to brownish pore surface with tiny angular pores, from which spores are released. The poisonous fruit bodies cause neurotoxic symptoms if ingested, an effect attributable to the compound polyporic acid, which is present in high concentrations. When an alkaline solution is placed on the fungus, the flesh turns violet. The fungus is used in mushroom dyeing to produce purple colors. ==Taxonomy== The species was first described in 1791 by French mycologist Jean Baptiste François Pierre Bulliard, who called it ''Boletus suberosus''.〔 However, this name had been used previously by Carl Linnaeus (for a species now known as ''Polyporus suberosus''), and so Bulliard's name was an illegitimate homonym.〔 In 1821, Elias Magnus Fries published the species as ''Polyporus nidulans''.〔 In 1881, Petter Karsten transferred it to its current genus, ''Hapalopilus'', as the type species.〔 The fungus has been shuffled to several genera throughout its taxonomic history,〔 including ''Boletus'' (Kurt Sprengel, 1827〔), ''Inonotus'' (Petter Karsten, 1881), ''Phaeolus'' (Narcisse Théophile Patouillard, 1900〔), ''Polystictus'' (François-Xavier Gillot and Jean Louis Lucand, 1890〔), and ''Agaricus'' (Ernst Hans Ludwig Krause, 1933〔). The name ''Boletus rutilans'', published by Christiaan Hendrik Persoon in 1798,〔 and later transferred to ''Hapalopilus'' by William Alphonso Murrill in 1904,〔 is a synonym that is still used in several recent sources. Murrill noted, "When Fries studied the plant he gave it the name ''P. nidulans'', following it with Persoon's ''P. rutilans'', which, he naively remarked, was perhaps a variety of ''P. nidulans''. The two species were kept distinct by Berkeley, but he had little and poor material and evidently did not know them intimately."〔 According to MycoBank, although the name ''Boletus rutilans'' was sanctioned by Fries in his 1818 book ''Observationes mycologicae'', his remarks in the text suggest that he recognized the species were the same, and subsequently the name was not sanctioned against ''P. nidulans''.〔 According to Field Museum mycologist Patrick Leacock, however, Fries (1818) was not a sanctioning work, although both names were sanctioned later by Fries in his 1821 work ''Systema Mycologicum''. Since both names are sanctioned, and the basionym for ''H. rutilans'' was published earlier (in 1798), Leacock suggests this name should take priority.〔 , both MycoBank and Species Fungorum give ''H. rutilans'' and ''H. nidulans'' as synonymous, with the latter being the preferred name.〔〔 The polypore is commonly known as the "purple dye polypore",〔 "cinnamon bracket",〔 or the "tender nesting polypore".〔 The specific epithet ''nidulans'' is Latin for "nesting";〔 the epithet ''rutilans'' means "orange-red".〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hapalopilus nidulans」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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